{"id":2484,"date":"2013-01-22T09:15:36","date_gmt":"2013-01-22T09:15:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/?p=2484"},"modified":"2013-01-23T12:06:01","modified_gmt":"2013-01-23T12:06:01","slug":"uk-isps-react-to-the-pros-and-cons-of-ipv4-internet-address-sharing","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2013\/01\/uk-isps-react-to-the-pros-and-cons-of-ipv4-internet-address-sharing.html","title":{"rendered":"UPD ISPs React to the Dangers of Adopting IPv4 Internet Address Sharing"},"content":{"rendered":"

Internet providers\u00a0from around the United Kingdom have given a decidedly mixed response<\/strong> after we asked a group of them whether IPv4 address sharing (Carrier Grade NAT<\/strong>) was the future of fixed line broadband (i.e. until full IPv6 adoption). CGNAT allows a single IP address to be shared between several\u00a0users but this can introduce serious problems.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

So why should you care? Everybody needs an Internet Protocol<\/strong> (IP) address to go online and your ISP usually assigns one to your connection (it’s the internet equivalent of a phone number). At present we call these IPv4 (e.g. 84.22.17.54<\/em>) addresses but those are running out and its replacement, IPv6 (e.g. 2001:cdba::2257:9652<\/em>), is not directly compatible with the old standard (UK ISPs Explain IPv6 Readiness Fears<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Most ISPs can get around this problem by installing a dual-stack network<\/strong>, which allows IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to communicate, but it will take some years before IPv6 is completely ready to take-over. In the meantime IPv4 addresses will still be needed and are likely to become an increasingly rare commodity.<\/p>\n

The internet\u2019s phone number system is essentially being split between two standards and in order to continue adding new connections some ISPs will need to ration their remaining IPv4’s and or share one address between several users (CGNAT). The situation arose because the wider internet industry (modem makers, software developers and big ISPs alike etc.) effectively left it until the last minute to adapt.<\/p>\n

What’s the problem with CGNAT?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

The problem is that a large number of advanced internet services<\/strong> and configurations don’t work well when IP’s are shared and likewise there are some serious security considerations. The situation partly arises because most of these services assume that everybody will have a unique address (the end-to-end principal), which is broken by CGNAT.<\/p>\n

Axel Pawlik, MD of RIPE NCC (EU Internet Registry), told ISPreview.co.uk:<\/strong><\/p>\n

“Carrier Grade NAT (CGNAT) has a number of limitations which need to be considered. Most importantly, it goes against the open spirit of the Internet and the principles which have generated such incredible innovation over the years. There is also a potential for compromised functionality for the end user – relying on just one IP address that is then split into many can be an issue because if there is a problem it will impact many people, instead of just one. <\/em><\/p>\n

It is good that [PlusNet<\/a> are running a trial] because that will give everyone a chance to evaluate the wider implications and whether there is any long term benefit to CGNAT versus speeding up the deployment of IPv6<\/em>.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Thankfully most home users just need the internet for basic web browsing, video streaming and email services, which should be fine (note: some video services like Netflix may still have problems). Sadly the millions who also enjoy multiplayer gaming (e.g. XBox Live, PlayStation Network or game server hosting), use legitimate P2P based services, require the ability to forward ports on their broadband router, host FTPs and web servers\u00a0(hosting any online server would be extremely difficult) could experience connection or performance problems<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

On top of that we have the security considerations<\/strong>, which are numerous. For example, if somebody else with your now “shared<\/em>” IP is banned from sending email or accessing a particular website then you too could be affected by the same block. Likewise some bank accounts need a unique IP for access and having shared users would be a potential risk and could, in extreme cases, result in you being blocked entirely.<\/p>\n

CGNAT\u00a0also makes it harder and more expensive, but not impossible, to keep accurate track of user activity for law-enforcement purposes<\/strong>. So, generally speaking, few ISPs would consciously choose to do CGNAT unless it was truly necessary but that’s exactly the situation we now find ourselves approaching.<\/p>\n

It’s similarly worth remembering that some of the services most likely to be affected are also those used by many of the online world\u2019s most vocal communities (e.g. gamers and IT folk). ISPs that fail to show respect for this could risk a bruising backlash and many businesses could suffer if their related services are no longer usable.<\/p>\n

What do ISPs say?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Some ISPs believe that they have enough spare IPv4 addresses to avoid ever needing to go down the path towards CGNAT, although most appear to be far less certain.<\/p>\n

PlusNet<\/a> kicked things off last week when it revealed plans to conduct a three week trial<\/a> of the solution, which drew a lot of attention because until recently many people had assumed that the ISPs parent, BT<\/a>, would have enough spare IPv4 addresses to last for several years. But PlusNet<\/a> should be commended for being brave enough to launch the first trial<\/strong> and thus open this debate.<\/p>\n

Please head to Page 2 for more ISP responses and our conclusion..<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Perhaps unsurprisingly most of the bigger ISPs weren’t too keen to get into the nitty gritty of CGNAT, with EE<\/a> (Orange UK) preferring not to comment at all and TalkTalk<\/a> simply advising us that they had “no plans to introduce Carrier Grade NAT at this time<\/em>” (this doesn’t mean they won’t do it in the future).<\/p>\n

Meanwhile Virgin Media<\/a> suggested that it was too early to comment and simply re-issued their old statement concerning IPv4 and IPv6 support.<\/p>\n

A Virgin Media<\/a> Spokesperson told ISPreview.co.uk: <\/strong><\/p>\n

“As part of our progress towards rolling out IPv6, we have upgraded our network to support IPv6 traffic and we’re currently assessing what changes may need to be made to fully support IPv6 in the home. In the meantime, we have enough IPv4 addresses in reserve to satisfy demand for the foreseeable future and we will be supporting IPv4\/IPv6 in parallel until a full IPv6 service is complete<\/em>.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Elsewhere Sky Broadband<\/a> (BSkyB) expects all ISPs to eventually adopt CGN in the future but, due to the technologies inherent problems, they similarly predict that the solution will remain in trial for some time across the industry. Sky also claims to have taken precautions to make sure they don’t run out of IPv4 addresses before websites catch up with their future IPv6 network.<\/p>\n

A Sky Broadband<\/a> Spokesperson added:<\/strong><\/p>\n

“It’s likely that a large number of broadband providers will move to CGN in the future. However, due to the potential impact on certain types of online services, we expect it to be extensively tested by the industry first<\/em>.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Thankfully the other ISPs, at least those that were willing to comment, were kind enough to dig a little deeper into the issue.<\/p>\n

An ISPA<\/a> UK Spokesperson said:<\/strong><\/p>\n

“The transition to IPv6 is on-going and for different ISPs the speed and method of transition varies. Whilst a number of smaller ISPs have already moved to providing native IPv6, others are facing a more complicated transition process which is likely to require the adoption of CGNAT in the medium term whilst true transition solutions are designed. Public trials should be applauded for its openness with their customers, even if there are other transition solutions that would lead to a quicker IPv6 based Internet<\/em>.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Piers Daniell, MD of Business ISP Fluidata, said:<\/strong><\/p>\n

“This technology has been in use for many years by the mobile operators to provide internet access to millions of handsets. We have been interested in its potential deployment within traditional fixed line ISPs as it does solve the issue that IPv6 isn’t being adopted as quickly as the industry had hoped. Unfortunately widely available IPv6 routers for consumers just don’t exist in the same way that they do with IPv4 so the use of CGN (Carrier Grade NAT) looks like the only viable option going forward. Services such as browsing, email, login to HTTPs sites, VPN and remote desktops should be fine using this solution as they rely on the consumer requesting information from behind their router.<\/em><\/p>\n

The issues with this solution are for businesses who typically need traffic to start from outside the network and dial into them too. Email servers, VPN endpoints and websites are good examples of traffic that need a fixed public internet address. You can sometimes get around this using DNS hostnames with port mapping but it is not going to fit everyone’s requirements. Therefore we have been taking steps to ensure our IPs last as long as possible so our customers can still conduct their business in the usual manner. Old IPs are being recycled and older larger subnets are not being awarded without strict justifications. We also have the luxury of dual stacking both IPv6 and IPv4 addresses as customers on the whole have more expensive enterprise grade hardware which supports both<\/em>.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Adrian Kennard, Director of ISP Andrews & Arnold (AAISP), added:<\/strong><\/p>\n

“We are not surprised that some ISPs are having to consider carrier gradeNAT, but we are surprised that ISPs have left it so long to properly implement IPv6 which is the real long term solution here.<\/em><\/p>\n

Carrier grade NAT adds a new layer of problems and just compounds the difficulties faced by anyone making new services and innovations on the Internet. We already see applications jumping through hoops to work with NAT on customer routers – many of which will not work with carrier grade NAT. Ultimately end users will see a poorer service with more things “not quite working” and more chances for things to break.<\/em><\/p>\n

All ISPs should be providing proper IPv6 first, and using NAT purely as a stop-gap. This will allow innovation to continue and use the end to end design of IP, and it will mean services using IPv6 will “just work”.<\/em><\/p>\n

At AAISP we have been providing IPv6 for over 10 years now, and we expect to be able to provide at the very least a single fixed IPv4 address per line without carrier grade NAT for many years to come<\/em>.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Steve Lalonde, CTO of Entanet<\/a>, said:<\/strong><\/p>\n

“For those ISPs that don’t have a good supply of IPv4 addresses, Carrier Grade NAT is an inevitable direction until they provide IPv6 and its adoption is properly facilitated by CPE manufacturers. Gladly, we’re not yet in that position and have also been providing IPv6 as an option to all customers for several years. As some of our colleagues here have highlighted, CGN will adversely impact some customers depending on their use of their connections<\/em>.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Conclusion<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

If you believe some of the big ISP spin then the majority of basic internet users won’t have a problem, which is probably true. But CGN still means that anybody wanting to harness the full flexibility of the online world could eventually find their access being stifled by a new layer of network management.<\/p>\n

A sizeable portion of broadband consumers in the UK are still likely to be affected, especially those that enjoy modern multiplayer games (there are a lot of gamers around) or hosting their own servers (when not prohibited by an ISPs terms). Some services will of course be able to adapt and not all CGNAT implementations are quite so damaging, yet the only real long-term solution remains full IPv6 adoption.<\/p>\n

ISPreview.co.uk has seen good indications that some ISPs may skirt around this issue by offering non-CGNAT packages as an optional upgrade<\/strong>. We think a FREE, not PAID, upgrade solution would be a good way to ensure that those who really need a proper connection can get one, while also preserving the ISPs remaining pool of unique IPv4’s for a lot longer.<\/p>\n

In any case it will probably take a few more years before this issue comes back to haunt the industry but haunt it will.<\/p>\n

UPDATE 23rd January 2013<\/strong><\/p>\n

Added a comment from Entanet<\/a> above.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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