{"id":29446,"date":"2021-12-03T08:06:52","date_gmt":"2021-12-03T08:06:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/?p=29446"},"modified":"2021-12-03T08:07:31","modified_gmt":"2021-12-03T08:07:31","slug":"royal-astronomical-society-criticises-leo-broadband-satellites","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2021\/12\/royal-astronomical-society-criticises-leo-broadband-satellites.html","title":{"rendered":"Royal Astronomical Society Criticises LEO Broadband Satellites"},"content":{"rendered":"

The Royal Astronomical Society<\/a> (RAS) has warned that new Low Earth Orbit (LEO) based ultrafast broadband satellites, such as from SpaceX’s Starlink<\/a> and British-registered OneWeb<\/a>, will have a “significant<\/em>” impact on radio astronomers and could put at risk hundreds of millions of pounds of UK investment in space research.<\/p>\n

At present OneWeb<\/a> and Starlink<\/a> are both in the process of launching thousands of compact LEO satellites, which orbit much closer to the Earth – often at an altitude of around 500-1300km<\/strong> – than the older generation of double-decker bus sized geostationary orbit communication satellites (c.35,000km).<\/p>\n

When matched by enough ground stations and the right technologies, these new LEO mega constellations can deliver 100Mbps+ class broadband speeds with fast latency (c.20-50ms) to some of the remotest and hardest to reach areas. This in turn could, eventually, help to support the UK Government’s ambitions to improve rural broadband coverage.<\/p>\n

However, such vast networks have already caused anger among scientists around the world, particularly those engaged in scientific research and observations of space and the wider universe. So far, much of this anger has focused upon the impact around visual observations (i.e. LEOs showing up as multiple streaks in telescope images etc.), but that’s not the only area of “interference<\/em>“.<\/p>\n

NOTE:<\/strong> Starlink<\/a> has already painted some LEOs a darker colour to reduce problems with visual observations (not a total solution as it only halves reflection of sunlight), while OneWeb<\/a> are still trying to figure out how to mitigate such harm, if they do it at all.<\/div>\n

At present, Ofcom<\/a> is currently consulting on several licensing changes (here<\/a>) to help support the new LEO satellites and tackle any potential interference. But the RAS warns that the UK telecoms regulator has made no proposal to include the impact on ground-based passive radio users, such as radio astronomers<\/strong>, which they warn could be both “significant<\/em>” and costly for the government.<\/p>\n

RAS Statement
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

“Based on work carried out at facilities such as the Square Kilometer Array Organisation and the Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, we believe this impact will be significant. Downlinks from satellite<\/a> constellations will inevitably greatly reduce the effective-ness of radio astronomy observatories, as the sources detected are far weaker than the signals from satellites.<\/p>\n

Ofcom<\/a>\u2019s remit covers the protected bands allocated for radio astronomy, but currently does not consider how this science actually works and that observatories often observe outside the passive (and primary) bands, including very wide-band observations, recognising that these frequencies are in use by other services in a variety of ways.<\/p>\n

Satellites also have emissions associated with their electronic systems, which can encroach on passive bands and are likely to be detected by radio telescopes. As an in-orbit issue, we understand this is a matter for the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), but this emission appears not to be regulated at present in the way that it is from terrestrial electronic equipment. This should therefore also be considered in the spectrum strategy, as a matter for UK representations to the ITU.<\/p>\n

The Ofcom<\/a> consultation also does not cover optical wavelengths, where major astronomy facilities, particularly those surveying large areas of sky such as the Vera Rubin Observatory<\/strong> (VRO), will be affected too. The government is making a substantial investment in this and other astronomical observatories both in the UK and around the world, amounting to \u00a3270m for the [Square Kilometre Array<\/strong>], \u00a320m for VRO and \u00a32.5m each year for the e-MERLIN<\/strong> radio observatory with its hub at Jodrell Bank.<\/p>\n

Without adequate mitigation measures, large satellite<\/a> constellations in Low Earth Orbit will compromise the operation of these facilities and will do so on across the globe. Preliminary work suggests that satellite<\/a> constellations also interfere with space-based observatories such as Hubble, where trails from existing satellites (as of early 2020) led to the loss of an estimated 7.5% of images.<\/p>\n

It is not sufficient for Ofcom to simply assess and consult on the impact of NGSO interference at radio wavelengths on service quality and competition. In doing so the regulator ignores all other affected parties.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The RAS says that Ofcom needs to recognise “that this is a global issue<\/em>” and make representations on radio (and optical) interference to the ITU for the impact on ground and space-based astronomy to be incorporated into the international guidelines on satellite deployment. “For example, the UK could issue licences on the same basis as Germany, with a condition to geofence observatory site<\/em>s,” said the organisation.<\/p>\n

The UK Government will no doubt find itself in an awkward position on this debate. On the one hand, they invested around \u00a3400m<\/strong> ($500m) to help save OneWeb from bankruptcy, while on the other hand they have a similarly large investment in radio astronomy and other sciences that could be directly impacted by such constellations.<\/p>\n

Meanwhile, many other respondents to Ofcom’s consultation, including OneWeb, have expressed concern that Ofcom may end up replacing well-established and internationally recognised ITU Coordination Procedures with a new regime. This, fears OneWeb, may “not take into account the most elemental principles of the ITU Radio Regulations<\/em>.”<\/p>\n

Some also fear that Ofcom’s approach here (disregard for the ITU treaty) could set a dangerous precedent, which might encourage other nations to do something similar and that could have unintended consequences (e.g. Russia and China’s plans for future LEO constellations, which would be much more problematic if they also stop following ITU treaties and coordination).<\/p>\n

The International Telecommunication Union’s<\/strong> (ITU) Radio Regulations currently require such networks to be able to operate without “causing harmful radio interference to each other<\/em>“, but Ofcom notes that “these agreements are yet to be concluded \u2026 [and] this creates a risk that interference between NGSO networks could cause localised degradation to the quality and reliability of these services.<\/em>”<\/p>\n

Ofcom are currently proposing new checks on potential interference between networks, greater transparency of licence applications and a requirement for different networks to co-operate with each other on technical matters to avoid risk of disruption to their services.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) has warned that new Low Earth Orbit (LEO) based ultrafast broadband satellites, such as from SpaceX’s Starlink and British-registered OneWeb, will have a “significant” impact on radio astronomers and could put at risk hundreds of millions of pounds of UK investment in space research.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":26031,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[77,477],"class_list":["post-29446","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uk_isp_news","tag-satellite","tag-science"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"yoast_head":"\nRoyal Astronomical Society Criticises LEO Broadband Satellites - ISPreview UK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) has warned that new Low Earth Orbit (LEO) based ultrafast broadband satellites, such as from SpaceX's Starlink and\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2021\/12\/royal-astronomical-society-criticises-leo-broadband-satellites.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Royal Astronomical Society Criticises LEO Broadband Satellites - 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