{"id":33032,"date":"2022-11-28T22:30:29","date_gmt":"2022-11-28T22:30:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/?p=33032"},"modified":"2022-11-29T09:27:06","modified_gmt":"2022-11-29T09:27:06","slug":"softened-online-uk-internet-censorship-bill-returns-to-parliament","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2022\/11\/softened-online-uk-internet-censorship-bill-returns-to-parliament.html","title":{"rendered":"Softened Online UK Internet Censorship Bill Returns to Parliament"},"content":{"rendered":"

The UK Government has confirmed the mess of confusing legislation that is the Online Safety Bill<\/strong><\/a> (OSB), which attempts to clampdown on “harmful<\/em>” internet content (i.e. via fines, website blocks by broadband ISPs and other sanctions), will return to Parliament “next week<\/em>” (5th Dec) with some key changes.<\/p>\n

At present, far too much harmful internet content – from racism to dangerous conspiracy theories, child abuse, self-harm, suicide imagery and more – slips through the cracks of the existing self-regulatory approach, as aptly demonstrated so many times before via Facebook, Twitter, YouTube etc. The idea of creating a law to tackle some of this is thus a noble one and long overdue.<\/p>\n

NOTE:<\/strong> Ofcom<\/a> will hold responsibility for enforcing the OSB’s measures.<\/div>\n

However, the reality of trying to actually clear up such content, while also extending that to tackle incredibly vague areas like “legal but harmful<\/em>” content, ended up turning the OSB into an ugly and bloated mess of overbearing legislation – a kind of Frankenstein’s monster that risked placing a massive administrative and legal burden on even smaller sites. The word “unworkable<\/em>” has often been coined by critics.<\/p>\n

Naturally, any site facing such a hefty level of legal liability and the threat of harsh punishments (possibly even arrest), will simply opt to play it safe and censor what people say by default via automated filters (these often get things wrong = over-blocking) or remove user input entirely. Put another way, the OSB failed to strike the right balance between preserving Freedom of Expression<\/strong> and fostering outright Censorship<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

This is of course what happens when you attempt to police the common and highly subjective public display of negative human thought, while at the same time trying to balance that against complex issues of context (e.g. people joking about blowing up a city or celebrity vs actual terrorists), parody and political speech – all of which is a monumentally difficult task. Humans often get it wrong, and automated systems are even worse.<\/p>\n

What’s Changing<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

In case anybody has forgotten, the OSB was due to complete its first passage through the House of Commons<\/strong> before the Summer recess, but it ended up being pulled amid the chaos over Boris Johnson’s final days in power and criticism over the legislation itself.<\/p>\n

At the time the Government also signalled that, before bringing the bill back, it would be edited to soften the “legal but harmful<\/em>” aspects that related to adult content, while “the bits in relation to children and online safety will not be changing<\/em>,” said the Culture Secretary, Michelle Donelan.<\/p>\n

The Government has tonight confirmed that the Bill is due to return to Parliament next week. The first amendments have been tabled to the Bill in the Commons for Report Stage on Monday 5th December 2022<\/strong>. Further amendments will be made at later stages of the Bill\u2019s passage.<\/p>\n

Summary of Key OSB Changes<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u27a4 Legal but harmful provisions – related to content accessed by adults – have been replaced by new duties under a “consumer-friendly \u2018triple shield\u2019<\/em>“. Firms will still need to protect children and remove content that is illegal or prohibited in their terms of service, however the Bill will no longer define specific types of legal content that companies must address.<\/p>\n

NOTE: To retain protections for victims of abuse, the government will no longer repeal elements of the Malicious Communications Act and Section 127 of the Communications Act offences, which means the criminal law will continue to protect people from harmful communications, including racist, sexist and misogynistic abuse. But other new offences on false and threatening communications will remain in the OSB.<\/p>\n

\u27a4 The so-called “triple shield<\/em>” means that social media firms will be legally required to remove “illegal content<\/em>“, take down material in breach of their own terms of service, and provide adults with greater choice over the content they see and engage with. On that last point, if users are likely to encounter certain types of content – such as the glorification of eating disorders, racism, anti-semitism or misogyny not meeting the criminal threshold – internet companies “will have to offer adults tools to help them avoid it<\/em>” (e.g. human moderation, blocking content flagged by other users or sensitivity and warning screens).<\/p>\n

\u27a4 The Bill will introduce new measures to make significant changes to the UK\u2019s criminal law to increase protections for vulnerable people online by criminalising the encouragement of self-harm and the sharing of people’s intimate images without their consent. Another set of amendments will boost protections for women and girls online by adding the criminal offence of controlling or coercive behaviour to the list of priority offences in the Bill.<\/p>\n

\u27a4 Tech firms will be “forced<\/em>” to publish more information about the risks their platforms pose to children, so people can see what dangers sites really hold (e.g. they’ll need to show how they enforce their user age limits to stop kids circumventing authentication methods, and they will have to publish details of when the regulator Ofcom<\/a> has taken action against them).<\/p>\n

\u27a4 The bill adds free speech requirements to “major online platforms<\/em>” (aka – Category 1 firms<\/strong>) to make them more accountable for their policies. It will explicitly prohibit them from removing or restricting user-generated content, or suspending or banning users, where this does not breach their terms of service or the law. In addition, firms will need to have clear, easy to understand and consistently enforced terms of service.<\/p>\n

\u27a4 The Victim\u2019s Commissioner, Domestic Abuse Commissioner and Children\u2019s Commissioner will be added as statutory consultees in the Bill, meaning Ofcom<\/a> must consult with each when drafting the codes tech firms must follow to comply with the Bill.<\/p>\n

\u27a4 Ministers have already made changes to ensure all pornography providers prevent children\u2019s access (e.g. age assurance measures) to comply with their duties. A further amendment will make platforms\u2019 responsibilities to provide age appropriate protections for children clearer. Where platforms specify a minimum age for users, they will now have to clearly set out and explain in their terms of service the measures they use to enforce this, such as age verification technology.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

In general, there’s good and bad news, although it remains unclear how the Government will balance the risks from enforced Age Verification Systems (AVS). Most websites cannot identify who is visiting their pages (adult or child), but AVS’ tend to come with huge privacy implications (nobody likes sharing their private personal data with such systems), as well as the various cost and technical challenges of implementation.<\/p>\n

The government also claims its changes mean that “any incentives<\/em>” for social media firms and internet content providers to “over-remove people\u2019s legal online content [have been] taken out of the Online Safety Bill<\/em>“. But it seems to us as though the new free speech requirements will put major platforms between a rock and a hard place when it comes to moderation decisions (i.e. they’re required to remove content which breaks the law and must NOT remove content that doesn’t break the law, with no involvement of the courts – that’s not always an easy thing to balance, even for lawyers).<\/p>\n

Some platforms may simply tackle the above issue by creating even stricter terms to reduce the threat of legal liability \/ sanctions, which could still stifle speech. But others will find they also need to hire many more human moderators, which could put their economic models at risk (it’s normal for even big websites to be run by just a handful of people, or even individuals, on a shoestring budget – the economics don’t stretch). Faced with that, we still see a high risk of user engagement on some sites being switched off entirely.<\/p>\n

Digital Secretary, Michelle Donelan, said:<\/strong><\/p>\n

“Unregulated social media has damaged our children for too long and it must end.<\/p>\n

I will bring a strengthened Online Safety Bill back to Parliament which will allow parents to see and act on the dangers sites pose to young people. It is also freed from any threat that tech firms or future governments could use the laws as a licence to censor legitimate views.<\/p>\n

Young people will be safeguarded, criminality stamped out and adults given control over what they see and engage with online. We now have a binary choice: to get these measures into law and improve things or squabble in the status quo and leave more young lives at risk.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Dr Monica Horten, Policy Manager at the Open Rights Group<\/a> (ORG), said:<\/strong><\/p>\n

“The Government is scrambling to solve a host of problems with draconian regulation.<\/p>\n

From age-gating popular social media sites to monitoring all our private messages the Government appears to taking an approach more akin to Putin\u2019s Russia or Xi\u2019s China.<\/p>\n

Global providers such as WhatsApp could pull their services from the UK rather than comply with demands to scan their customer\u2019s private communications.<\/p>\n

What Government wants to be responsible for driving away the apps we use to keep in touch with friends and family?.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

The reference to WhatsApp<\/strong> above relates to the government’s previously expressed, and incredibly controversial idea, of scanning private messages in internet messaging services. At present, most such platforms use end-to-end encryption<\/strong>, which makes network-level content scanning effectively impossible as not even the provider can read such messages.<\/p>\n

The only way to make such a scanning system work is to ban such encryption on internet messaging apps (not a new idea<\/a>), which risks making them less secure (easier for hackers and state sponsored snoops to crack). Users would most likely move to a different platform – one further outside the government’s reach.<\/p>\n

End-to-end encryption is a common security method that can be added to any online communication service – you’re using it now as you visit this very website via HTTPS<\/strong> or pay for something online with your credit card. Put another way, any attempt to completely prevent its use on such systems seems likely to require a lot of exclusions to avoid unintended consequences and may be doomed to fail.<\/p>\n

At the end of the day, the revised OSB has made some sensible improvements and a few tedious ones. But question marks remain over the workability of its approach, and Ofcom will still be hard-pressed to find enough resources to adequately police such a large industry.<\/p>\n

On top of that, it increasingly feels like website owners will need to hire expensive lawyers in order to fully grasp the implementation challenges of the new law, which is not something that smaller fish will be able to afford. But at the time of writing, we haven’t yet been able to see the revised text, so it’s a little tricky to effectively judge the changes until we have the full context.<\/p>\n

UPDATE 9:24am<\/strong><\/p>\n

The amendments list for the revised bill is now online (here<\/a>), but at 77 pages it’s quite a tedious read.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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