{"id":36483,"date":"2023-12-05T00:01:17","date_gmt":"2023-12-05T00:01:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/?p=36483"},"modified":"2023-12-04T11:54:13","modified_gmt":"2023-12-04T11:54:13","slug":"expectations-for-uk-isps-as-ofcom-move-to-tackle-internet-porn","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2023\/12\/expectations-for-uk-isps-as-ofcom-move-to-tackle-internet-porn.html","title":{"rendered":"Expectations for UK ISPs as Ofcom Move to Tackle Internet Porn"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a class=\"shortlink shortlink-133 shortlink-chref\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/link\/ofcom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" title=\"ofcom\" data-chref=\"https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\">Ofcom<\/a> has today set out DRAFT guidance on how &#8220;<em>highly effective<\/em>&#8221; UK internet age verification checks must be implemented to stop children from accessing online porn websites and services as part of the wider <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2023\/09\/internet-censorship-galore-as-uk-online-safety-bill-becomes-law.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Online Safety Act<\/a>. But concerns remain over user privacy, while broadband ISPs may be asked to block websites that fail to comply.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>The new law places a legal duty on such sites to implement \u201c<em>robust checks<\/em>\u201d to ensure users are aged 18+. If sites fail to act, the independent regulator, <a class=\"shortlink shortlink-133 shortlink-chref\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/link\/ofcom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" title=\"ofcom\" data-chref=\"https:\/\/www.ofcom.org.uk\">Ofcom<\/a>, will be able to impose financial penalties worth up to 10% of their annual worldwide turnover (max of \u00a318m) and they could implement &#8220;<em>business disruption measures<\/em>&#8221; against third-parties, such as by imposing restrictions via internet search engines, payment providers or by requiring ISPs to block the website.<\/p>\n<div class=\"bq2\"><strong>NOTE:<\/strong> New research shows that the average age at which children first see online pornography is 13 &#8211; although 27% come across it by age 11, and 10% as young as 9. Additionally, 79% have encountered violent porn depicting coercive, degrading or pain-inducing sex acts before turning 18.<\/div>\n<p>The regulator&#8217;s new guidance sets out how all of this will work. In order to do this, such sites must introduce &#8220;<em>age assurance<\/em>&#8221; \u2013 through age verification, age estimation or a combination of both &#8211; which needs to be &#8220;<em>highly effective<\/em>&#8221; at correctly determining whether a user is a child or not. Effective access controls should prevent children from encountering pornographic content on that service.<\/p>\n<p>Ofcom expects such age verification methods to be &#8220;<em>technically accurate, robust, reliable and fair<\/em>&#8220;, while also being able to take care that &#8220;<em>privacy rights are safeguarded<\/em>&#8221; and &#8220;<em>adults can still access legal pornography<\/em>&#8220;. The draft includes a non-exhaustive list of methods that they currently consider could be highly effective. These include:<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Potential Age Verification Methods<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Open banking. <\/strong>A user can consent to their bank sharing information confirming they are over 18 with the online pornography service. Their full date of birth is not shared.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Photo identification matching. <\/strong>Users can upload a photo-ID document, such as a driving licence or passport, which is then compared to an image of the user at the point of uploading to verify that they are the same person.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facial age estimation. <\/strong>The features of a user\u2019s face are analysed to estimate their age.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mobile network operator age checks. <\/strong>All UK mobile providers automatically apply a default content restriction which prevents children from accessing age-restricted websites. Users can remove this restriction by proving to their mobile provider that they are an adult, and this confirmation is then shared with the online pornography service.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Credit cards checks.<\/strong> In the UK, credit card issuers are obliged to verify that applicants are over 18 before providing them with a credit card. A user can provide their credit card details to the online pornography service, after which a payment processor sends a request to check the card is valid to the issuing bank. Approval by the bank can be taken as evidence that the user is over 18.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Digital identity wallets. <\/strong>Using a variety of methods, including those listed above users can securely store their age in a digital format, which the user can then share with the online pornography service.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p>The regulator added that &#8220;<em>weaker age-checks won&#8217;t be enough<\/em>&#8220;, before highlighting some examples of this. For example, a weaker method could include self-declaration of age, online payment methods which don\u2019t require a person to be 18 [Debit, Solo, or Electron cards] and any general terms \/ disclaimers or warning messages.<\/p>\n<p>Porn providers are also forbidden from directing or encouraging people to use circumvention measures (e.g. VPN, Proxy Servers, DNS changes etc.), although anybody under 18 who does go actively seeking such content (let&#8217;s face it, there will be a lot of active seeking) will have no difficulty finding and using circumvention measures, as has always been the case. The horse on this one bolted a long time ago.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"bq1\"><p><strong>Dame Melanie Dawes, Ofcom\u2019s CEO, said:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u201cPornography is too readily accessible to children online, and the new online safety laws are clear that must change.<\/p>\n<p>Our practical guidance sets out a range of methods for highly effective age checks. We\u2019re clear that weaker methods \u2013 such as allowing users to self-declare their age \u2013 won\u2019t meet this standard.<\/p>\n<p>Regardless of their approach, we expect all services to offer robust protection to children from stumbling across pornography, and also to take care that privacy rights and freedoms for adults to access legal content are safeguarded.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>One of the risks here stems from the fact that people will effectively be forced to share their private personal details with companies connected to unreliable porn peddlers. The infamous \u201c<em>Ashley Madison<\/em>\u201d data breach in 2015 highlighted just how dangerous such information could be in the wrong hands (multiple cases of blackmail and suicide etc.).<\/p>\n<p>Ofcom thus states that all age assurance methods are subject to the UK\u2019s privacy laws, including those concerning the processing of personal data &#8211; as overseen and enforced by the Information Commissioner\u2019s Office (<a class=\"shortlink shortlink-179 shortlink-chref\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/link\/ico\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"\" title=\"Information Commissioner&#039;s Office\" data-chref=\"https:\/\/ico.org.uk\/\">ICO<\/a>). Porn services must also keep written records explaining how they protect users from a breach of these laws, which includes examples of how they might go about this (e.g. conducting a data protection impact assessment, and providing users with privacy information such as how their personal data will be processed, how long it will be retained, and if it will be shared with anyone else).<\/p>\n<p>However, a <a href=\"https:\/\/iea.org.uk\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Epicenter_Internet-Freedom_web.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>new report<\/strong><\/a> from the European Policy Information Center (EPICENTER), in conjunction with the free market think tank the Institute of Economic Affairs (IEA), claims that age verification still seriously threatens user privacy. It warns that \u201c<em>mandatory age verification could significantly increase the amount of sensitive data held by third parties and the frequency at which it is collected, exposing users to privacy breaches and abuse<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>The report also says that effective age verification is \u201c<em>practically impossible<\/em>\u201d due to the many tools that will enable users to circumvent controls. This bypassing of controls could inadvertently direct \u201c<em>traffic towards less regulated and less secure platforms, thereby exacerbating risks<\/em>\u201d. Giacomo Lev Mannheimer, report author, warns of a tendency by politicians to &#8220;<em>promise the impossible without fully understanding the dynamics of what they are trying to regulate and without giving sufficient consideration to the side-effects of the proposed solutions<\/em>.&#8221;<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"bq1\"><p><strong>Giacomo Lev Mannheimer said:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&#8220;The age verification mandate within the Online Safety Act poses a significant threat to privacy and user freedom by creating a database linking individual identities with adult content consumption. Hopefully, Ofcom\u2019s code of conduct about age verification will take into account these concerns.<\/p>\n<p>Improper regulation of adult content undermines the internet as a hub of unparalleled freedom and innovation. Policymakers must strike a balance by tackling illicit activities while safeguarding user privacy, free expression, and digital innovation.\u201d<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>All of this comes before we even get into the complicated question of which ISPs would be required to impose blocks against websites that fail to comply (only the biggest players, or the smallest ones?). Not to mention the question over what kind of systems they would be required to adopt in order to filter out those websites (a basic DNS filter or more complex \/ expensive filtering).<\/p>\n<p>Never mind the fact that ISP-level blocking of any type is merely a placebo, the equivalent of leaving a door wide open with the words \u201c<em>do not enter<\/em>\u201d stuck outside (i.e. very easy to circumvent) \u2013 there\u2019s not a lot that can be done about that without removing the content at source (that would require international law and regulation).<\/p>\n<p>Blocking is one of the additional options that Ofcom can impose via so-called &#8220;<em>business disruption measures<\/em>&#8220;, which apply to third parties (e.g. broadband ISPs and mobile operators) that are in a position to take action to disrupt the business of a porn service and thereby &#8220;<em>reduce the risk of harm to UK citizens and consumers<\/em>&#8220;.<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Types of Business Disruption Measures<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>a) Service restriction orders require \u2018ancillary providers\u2019, such as search engines and payment services which facilitate the provision of the service, to take steps aimed at disrupting the non-compliant service\u2019s business in the UK. For example, search engines may be required to remove a non-compliant provider from its search results.<\/p>\n<p>b) Interim service restriction orders are similar to service orders but are made on a temporary basis. The court must be satisfied that the service is likely to be non-compliant and that the resulting level of risk of harm, and the nature and severity of that harm, are such that it would not be appropriate to wait to establish the failure to comply before applying for the order.<\/p>\n<p>c) Access restriction orders require a service which enables access to a service, such as an internet access service or an app store, to take steps to restrict access to a non-compliant provider, for example, by removing its app from the app store. These orders can be applied for by Ofcom if we consider that a service restriction order or an interim service restriction order has not proved sufficient to prevent significant harm to individuals in the UK from the contravention in question or would be unlikely to do so.<\/p>\n<p>d) Interim access restriction orders are similar to access restriction orders but are made on a temporary basis, if the court is satisfied that the service is likely to be non-compliant and that the resulting level of risk of harm, and the nature and severity of that harm, are such that it would not be appropriate to wait to establish the failure to comply before applying for the order.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>Crucially, Ofcom can&#8217;t simply impose these, as they must first seek approval from a Court and may consult with the ISPs too before raising such an application (at least with respect to the blocking option). We did ask specifically about the technical options they would expect and whether all ISPs &#8211; of any size &#8211; would be required to implement such filters, but we didn&#8217;t get a clear answer to these queries.<\/p>\n<p>&#8220;<em>We will consider on a case-by-case basis what the appropriate action would be to effectively restrict access to the service under consideration and, where possible, we would engage with the third parties who may be the subject of a business disruption measure before making an application to Court for such an order<\/em>,&#8221; said Ofcom&#8217;s spokesperson to ISPreview.<\/p>\n<p>Meanwhile, many have questioned whether such a system is even necessary, since all of the major ISPs already offer optional <strong>network-level filtering<\/strong> systems that cover porn and these are usually enabled by default. Lest we also forget that there could be impacts in other areas too, such as on sex workers (i.e. pushing them off-line and back onto the streets). Likewise, there\u2019s the question of freedom of expression, not least with respect to the debate over what is porn and what is not (i.e. general nudity, medical content and erotic stories). The puritanical approach being taken by the Government seems to create a few grey areas.<\/p>\n<p>Ofcom expect to publish their final guidance in <strong>early 2025<\/strong>, after which the Government will bring these duties into force.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ofcom has today set out DRAFT guidance on how &#8220;highly effective&#8221; UK internet age verification checks must be implemented to stop children from accessing online porn websites and services as part of the wider Online Safety Act. But concerns remain over user privacy, while broadband ISPs may be asked to block websites that fail to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":36485,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[473,109,36,38],"class_list":["post-36483","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uk_isp_news","tag-censorship","tag-internet-privacy","tag-ofcom-regulation","tag-politics"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/mastodon.social\/@ispreview\/111524877761030823","error":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Expectations for UK ISPs as Ofcom Move to Tackle Internet Porn - ISPreview UK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Ofcom has today set out DRAFT guidance on how &quot;highly effective&quot; UK internet age verification checks must be implemented to stop children from accessing\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2023\/12\/expectations-for-uk-isps-as-ofcom-move-to-tackle-internet-porn.html\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Expectations for UK ISPs as Ofcom Move to Tackle Internet Porn - 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