{"id":36837,"date":"2024-01-12T12:12:53","date_gmt":"2024-01-12T12:12:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/?p=36837"},"modified":"2024-01-12T14:52:12","modified_gmt":"2024-01-12T14:52:12","slug":"a-look-at-uk-domain-and-ip-address-seizures-in-the-criminal-justice-bill","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2024\/01\/a-look-at-uk-domain-and-ip-address-seizures-in-the-criminal-justice-bill.html","title":{"rendered":"A Look at UK Domain and IP Address Seizures in the Criminal Justice Bill"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The new UK Criminal Justice Bill (CJB), which was first tabled in parliament toward the end of last year, includes a number of interesting new powers that can force Regional Internet Registries, Local Internet Registries or Internet Service Providers (ISP) to suspend internet domain names and IP addresses used for criminal purposes.<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>At present, law enforcement and other agencies typically tackle the issue of criminals using <strong>internet domain names<\/strong> (e.g. websites like <em>www.gov.uk<\/em>) and their associated<strong> Internet Protocol<\/strong> (IP) addresses via voluntary partnerships (i.e. working with the organisations responsible for assigning IP addresses and domain names).<\/p>\n<div class=\"bq2\"><strong>NOTE: <\/strong>All UK telecoms, mobile and broadband providers similarly include terms (e.g. Acceptable Use Policies \/ AUP) that prohibit their connections from being used for criminal activity.<\/div>\n<p>The voluntary approach works well, at least domestically, when dealing with issues within the UK. But the overwhelming majority of entities that allocate IP addresses and domain names are often situated in foreign jurisdictions and, perhaps understandably, they don&#8217;t always recognise such informal requests from the UK (i.e. they&#8217;ll require court orders before suspending IP addresses or domain names).<\/p>\n<p>The new <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/bills.parliament.uk\/bills\/3511\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Criminal Justice Bill<\/a><\/strong> (CJB) aims to tackle this by introducing a new power to mandate that organisations responsible for the registering of domain names or the assigning of IP addresses &#8220;<em>remove access if there is <\/em><em>suspicion it is being used in criminal activity such as fraud<\/em>.&#8221; Such orders would, where necessary, be served internationally and thus be harder for operators to avoid.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><strong>Serious Crime and SIM Farms<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The main target here appears to be &#8220;<em>serious crime<\/em>&#8220;, such a fraud, although we suspect it may also end up being used to tackle internet copyright infringement (piracy) and other lower-level things. The changes will also work to tackle SIM farms (note: Subscriber Identity Modules are the little cards you put inside your mobile device to get an operator&#8217;s service).<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"bq1\"><p><strong>What is a SIM Farm? &#8211; Government&#8217;s View<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>SIM farms are electronic devices that are capable of using five or more SIM cards simultaneously or interchangeably, and which allow the user to send Short Messaging Service (\u201cSMS\u201d) texts or phone calls in large numbers over the telecommunications network.<\/p>\n<p>Whilst there is a limited set of legitimate uses for SIM farms, they are frequently used by criminals engaged in fraud to send fraudulent messages [SPAM] to a large number of recipients at once. These messages frequently impersonate family members or trusted institutions, such as banks in order to persuade the recipient to reveal personal information such as bank details or passwords or to transfer funds to a criminal.<\/p>\n<p>[The messages] can also send out malicious links that, once clicked on by the recipient, download malware onto the recipient\u2019s device. SIM farms are available on online marketplaces, at low prices, with limited or no requirement to verify the buyer\u2019s identity. This makes them an easy access, low-cost option for criminals looking to extract personal data fraudulently.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>The Government&#8217;s changes essentially propose to ban (through the introduction of a new criminal offence) the possession and supply of SIM farms in the UK, which is a very welcome move, albeit one that may only have a limited impact given that so much related<strong> SPAM<\/strong> now comes from abroad.<\/p>\n<p>Overall, the new rules seem like a good move, although the government will need to be very careful if they are to avoid the risk of unintended consequences. For example, IP addresses are often used (shared) by more than one website, individual or online service, which means that any suspensions might also carry the risk of significantly impacting innocent users.<\/p>\n<p>Criminals know this too, which is why they often try to setup services or websites that piggyback off legitimate IP addresses, as used on other sites\/services &#8211; shared web hosting is particularly vulnerable to this. Internet providers can help to manage this risk by being quick to adapt when such conflicts occur, but completely avoiding the risk of unintended damage, even if only a short-term impact, can be difficult. Equally, if a particular IP or domain name becomes tainted by such action, then there needs to be more clarity over how long that lasts before the suspension is removed, and legitimate use can resume.<\/p>\n<p>The government&#8217;s domain name conditions also cover instances in which such names &#8220;<em>could be used for criminality in the future<\/em>&#8221; (i.e. <strong>proactive enforcement<\/strong>). This is said to be due to the criminal use of domain generation algorithms (\u201cDGA\u201d) to aid their operations (illegal IPTV providers have been known to do this too). &#8220;<em>Once the relevant law enforcement agencies understands the DGA, they can identify domains which could be associated with criminal activity in the future and suspend them before they can be used<\/em>,&#8221; said the government&#8217;s <a href=\"https:\/\/publications.parliament.uk\/pa\/bills\/cbill\/58-04\/0010\/en\/230010en.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">explanatory notes<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>Finally, the new law would also force a <strong>non-disclosure requirement<\/strong> on such orders, which would prevent the telecoms \/ internet provider from informing others (inc. the alleged criminal) about what action they&#8217;ve been asked to take. But this may also make it difficult for journalists, such as yours truly, to uncover certain unexpected \/ associated network problems, such as if they end up impacting innocent individuals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The new UK Criminal Justice Bill (CJB), which was first tabled in parliament toward the end of last year, includes a number of interesting new powers that can force Regional Internet Registries, Local Internet Registries or Internet Service Providers (ISP) to suspend internet domain names and IP addresses used for criminal purposes.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24257,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,1645],"tags":[480,86,46,38,479],"class_list":["post-36837","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uk_isp_news","category-key_uk_isp_industry_developments","tag-crime","tag-law","tag-internet-piracy","tag-politics","tag-security"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"https:\/\/mastodon.social\/@ispreview\/111742921960893727","error":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.8 - 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