{"id":7735,"date":"2015-01-02T01:34:05","date_gmt":"2015-01-02T01:34:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/?p=7735"},"modified":"2017-09-04T14:29:21","modified_gmt":"2017-09-04T13:29:21","slug":"quick-recap-major-uk-broadband-isp-technology-changes-2014","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2015\/01\/quick-recap-major-uk-broadband-isp-technology-changes-2014.html","title":{"rendered":"The Top Broadband ISP Technology and Internet Policy Changes for 2014-15"},"content":{"rendered":"

The past year has been all about technology and deployment, with the Government’s Broadband Delivery UK<\/a> scheme dominating via its efforts to push BT<\/a>’s 80Mbps capable Fibre-to-the-Cabinet (FTTC<\/a> \/ VDSL2<\/a>) service out to even more areas, but a lot more than that has happened. ISPreview.co.uk highlights some the key\u00a0Internet technology, policy and\u00a0anti-piracy\u00a0developments of 2014 and predicts what might occur in 2015.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

The past 12 months may be remembered for many things, yet for us one of the biggest and most consistent news stories has been the rise of alternative high-capacity fibre optic<\/strong> providers. So far we’ve seen a massive ramping up of Gigabit (1000Mbps+<\/strong>) capable Fibre-to-the-Home<\/strong> (FTTP<\/a>\/H\/B) based broadband deployments and investment from altnet ISPs like Hyperoptic<\/a> (here<\/a>), Gigaclear<\/a> (here<\/a>) and Cityfibre<\/a> among others.<\/p>\n

CityFibre<\/a> in particular has also teamed up with Sky Broadband<\/a> and TalkTalk<\/a> to make related services available in the city of York<\/strong> and next year two further cities will join their project (here<\/a>), which if successful would put pressure on BT<\/a> and Virgin Media<\/a>\u2019s slower hybrid fibre approach.<\/p>\n

\"fibre<\/div>\n

Sky also has a number of its own separate FTTP<\/a> trials (here<\/a>) and meanwhile BT<\/a> have even been rolling out more of their native FTTP<\/a> into rural areas as part of the BDUK programme, although in the grander scheme of things the pure fibre optic (FTTH<\/a>\/P\/B) approach is still only involved in a minority of new deployments; accounting for a tiny slice of UK coverage (250,000+ premises<\/a>).<\/p>\n

The progress and investment is clearly there for all to see, but it hasn’t all been good news and there have been casualties. In particular BTOpenreach’s own FTTP-on-Demand<\/strong> (FoD) solution, which held the promise of being able to make their 330Mbps FTTP service available to those within reach of slower FTTC<\/a> lines, appears to have lost its mass market appeal after BT hiked the price and put it well beyond the reach of most homes and even home workers (here<\/a>); there have been no new FoD roll-out updates since earlier this year.<\/p>\n

Never the less the overall coverage of fixed line “superfast broadband<\/em>” (24Mbps+<\/strong>) capable services, which aside from BT’s FTTC<\/a>\/P platform also includes Virgin Media<\/a>’s cable network and various efforts by alternative fibre optic providers (like those mentioned above), now reaches around the 80% mark and indeed it appears to be well on the way towards delivering on BDUK’s aim for 95% UK coverage by 2017 as planned.<\/p>\n

But reaching the next 95% coverage goal could see slower progress as the BDUK scheme enters increasingly rural areas and thus we wouldn\u2019t be surprised if the 2017 date slipped, as some Phase 2 contracts have already shown (here<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Future Technology (Fixed Line Broadband)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

At the same time 2014 has also given us a glimpse of the future. For example, Virgin Media<\/a> are preparing to conduct their first proper trials of DOCSIS3.1<\/strong> technology, which by 2016 could potentially deliver Gigabit speeds to homes around the country using their hybrid fibre and cable coax\/copper network (here<\/a>).<\/p>\n

In reality we suspect that Virgin will continue to take a more cautious approach and ramp the performance up gradually via more speed boosts, with the next boost predicted to bring a 300Mbps<\/strong> (15Mbps upload) speed service to subscribers sometime in 2015 (albeit by using their existing technology and not DOCSIS3.1). Officially Virgin Media won’t confirm this but there’s plenty of information around to support the plan.<\/p>\n

But Virgin Media are also testing true FTTP services in some areas (here<\/a>), which recognises that DOCSIS3.1 might not be the best solution for everybody and it’s good to have alternatives. Virgin have also been expanding the coverage of their existing cable platform, albeit only to 100,000 premises<\/strong> in parts of East London (here<\/a>) and a few thousand others in different locations.<\/p>\n

Naturally BT has been busy testing a variety of new technologies too and indeed one of the highest on their list must be Vectoring<\/strong>, which is designed to stop FTTC (VDSL2<\/a>) lines from slowing down as adoption grows due to the rising levels of crosstalk interference (here<\/a>). Sadly we still don’t know when to expect a commercial deployment, but something will need to be done because crosstalk is causing more and more lines to suffer post-install slowness.<\/p>\n

A new service called Fibre-to-the-Remote-Node<\/strong> (FTTrN) is also being trialled by BT in several rural and urban areas, which is seen as a cost-effective alternative to their traditional FTTC deployments (here<\/a>) and is almost identical to the FTTdp solution mentioned next. FTTrN could also deliver better speeds than traditional FTTC, although the trials will make use of BT’s existing VDSL2<\/a> tech and thus the top speeds remain capped at 80Mbps.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

BT has also very recently announced a “new form<\/em>” of the more familiar Fibre-to-the-Basement \/ Building<\/strong> (FTTB) service, which takes\u00a0a fibre optic cable to the building and then uses the existing internal infrastructure (could be copper,\u00a0coax\u00a0or fibre) to distribute the service over an Ethernet<\/strong> style link (here<\/a>). But the new form uses VDSL2 (like FTTC) over copper lines for the internal connectivity, which helps from a cost and compatibility point of view and the short cable run means you’re more likely to get the top speed of 80Mbps. This is seen as a good solution for urban areas like central London, which has lots of offices \/ apartments that are stuck on slow\u00a0Exchange Only Lines<\/strong> (EOL).<\/p>\n

The national incumbent also has one eye trained firmly on the future and as such they’ve been busy conducting early trials of a combined Fibre-to-the-Distribution-Point<\/strong> (FTTdp) and G.fast<\/a><\/strong> (aka – FTTC2) solution (here<\/a> and here<\/a>).<\/p>\n

The idea is to take fibre optic cables even closer to homes, thus reducing the length of the remaining copper wire and being able to deliver theoretical speeds of up to 1000Mbps<\/strong> (1Gbps). In essence you’d get the service from a distribution point (dp) nearer to your home (these can be placed on top of telegraph poles or underground), as opposed to the often more distant local street cabinet.<\/p>\n

But the G.fast<\/a> approach is an expensive upgrade and we’re unlikely to see it deployed for a few more years, especially with the first commercial grade hardware only just coming onto the market now. The real-world performance will almost certainly also come in well below the dizzy Gigabit claims (i.e. 200-500Mbps might be a more realistic expectation), albeit still looking very fast next to present hybrid fibre solutions like FTTC\u2019s 80Mbps peak.<\/p>\n

\"bt<\/div>\n

Interestingly Alcatel-Lucent<\/a> separately chose 2014 to announce an early prototype of its XG-FAST<\/strong> technology (here<\/a>), which is designed to replace G.fast<\/a> and promises top speeds of up to 10,000Mbps<\/strong>. But the trade-off with XG-FAST is its need for even shorter copper lines than G.fast, which could be difficult to achieve and past a certain point BT may simply prefer to deploy a full fibre optic (FTTH<\/a>\/P) solution.<\/p>\n

\"xg-fast<\/div>\n

Another future development that BTOpenreach has recently revealed looks to be the long sought after Naked FTTC<\/strong> (Single Order GEA-FTTC) service, which would allow consumers to order a standalone “fibre broadband<\/em>” connection without taking the phone service (here<\/a>). But some payment to cover the underlying line rental would still be required, so we’re not expecting this to offer a huge benefit over existing phone and broadband bundles.<\/p>\n

BT has also pioneered a couple of less significant, but still important, improvements to their existing services. In particular BT has deployed a new Microwave<\/strong> backhaul link to several rural areas, which can deliver superfast broadband capacity directly to one of the operators VDSL2 (FTTC) street cabinets (here<\/a>), which for some areas is cheaper and more practical than digging a new fibre optic cable.<\/p>\n

But it’s perhaps more accurate to describe the resultant end-user service as Microwave-to-the-Cabinet<\/strong> (MTTC) or Wireless-to-the-Cabinet<\/strong> (WTTC), as opposed to FTTC, since no fibre optic cable is used for the cabinet link (note: with this method the service you order from an ISP would still be the same as FTTC).<\/p>\n

\"microwave<\/div>\n

Finally, BT has also found a way to extend the reach of traditional ADSL2+<\/strong> based copper broadband services by running the technology from inside of their FTTC street cabinets instead of through the nearest telephone exchange (here<\/a>). In theory this could deliver a small but noticeable improvement in speeds for lines that connect to an FTTC cabinet, but which would otherwise be too far away to benefit from their “fibre<\/em>” service (i.e. ADSL2+ may be slower but it can reach much further than the VDSL2 used on an FTTC line).<\/p>\n

Future Technology (Mobile Broadband)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

It’s also important to mention the contribution of Mobile Network Operators<\/strong> (MNO), such as O2<\/a>, Vodafone<\/a>, Three UK<\/a> and EE<\/a>, which have all been busy rolling out the latest 4G<\/a> (LTE) based Mobile Broadband technologies across the United Kingdom. This work is expected to continue for another couple of years until almost total coverage has been achieve.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

At the same time some 4G<\/a> operators, such as Vodafone<\/a> (here<\/a>) and EE<\/a> (here<\/a>), have already started to deploy the next evolution of 4G<\/a> known as LTE-Advanced<\/strong> (LTE-A). This method allows operators to deliver significantly faster speeds by harnessing the capacity of more than one spectrum band at once, with peak speeds of around 300Mbps+<\/strong> often being mooted. People in London are the first to benefit, with others in Birmingham<\/strong> and Manchester<\/strong> set to follow and more will join them during 2015.<\/p>\n

We’ve also seen the first demos of ultrafast 5G<\/a><\/strong> technologies for next-generation Mobile Broadband services beginning to show themselves ahead of an expected 2020<\/strong> launch (here<\/a> and here<\/a>). It’s predicted that these could eventually deliver speeds of up to 10Gbps<\/strong> (shared capacity), although there are still tons of issues with the technology, radio spectrum harmonisation and industry standards that will need to be resolved first.<\/p>\n

Internet Policy, Piracy, Politics and Filtering<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Another change that 2014 shall become known for will be the sometimes controversial introduction of enforced adult website content filtering (Active Choice+<\/strong>), which required all of the markets largest ISPs to present their customers with an unavoidable question about whether or not to enable network-level filtering<\/strong> on their connections (i.e. Parental Controls for blocking websites).<\/p>\n

The filtering systems were designed to make the Internet safer for children, although related services have also faced controversy over their ability to block perfectly legal websites due to errors and incorrect categorisation of the sites content (here<\/a>). The fact that dating websites, beauty products and social networks were also included in the block list categories also gave rise to fears of mission creep, not to mention the ease to which such blocks could be circumvented and questions over whether or not they’re even necessary (here<\/a>).<\/p>\n

Speaking of censorship and security, the Government is gearing up to have a third bash at expanding the scope for mass state-sponsored surveillance of your telephone and Internet activity (here<\/a>, here<\/a>\u00a0and here<\/a>), which appears to be supported by the opposition Labour party (here<\/a>). Labour were of course the first to propose such measures, which have both times been rejected due to a variety of concerns surrounding privacy, cost, technical feasibility, free speech and civil liberties. Expect attempt no.3 to surface in 2015, which may or may not pass depending upon the level of opposition after the 2015 General Election<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Another interesting development has been the joint agreement between the Government, Rights Holders and big broadband ISPs to introduce a new Voluntary Copyright Alert Programme<\/strong> (here<\/a>). The VCAP system is viewed as an alternative to the struggling 2010 Digital Economy Act<\/strong> (DEAct) and proposes a means of tackling Internet Piracy<\/strong> by sending warning letters to customers suspected of sharing \u201cillegal<\/em>\u201d copyright content via File Sharing (P2P) networks.<\/p>\n

However VCAP’s letters, unlike those proposed by the DEAct, are designed to be educational in tone and would not include any threats of future enforcement action (e.g. disconnection, court action or financial penalties). The first copyright warning letters are expected to be sent sometime in 2015, although when we asked for an update the main ISPs all acted a bit cagey but two did provide a comment.<\/p>\n

A Virgin Media Spokeswoman told ISPreview.co.uk:<\/strong><\/p>\n

“We have always anticipated the first letters will go out no earlier than in H2 2015 and are working on our plans for implementation.<\/em><\/p>\n

The system will be jointly funded by the ISPs and the Rights Holders<\/em>.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

A BT Spokeswoman told ISPreview.co.uk:<\/strong><\/p>\n

“We continue to work with rights holders on the development of the systems required to implement the Creative Content UK initiative to protect IP. We are taking every step to ensure that systems are robust, tested and working effectively and will reveal more in due course<\/em>.”<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Speaking of piracy, we’ve also seen more copyright infringement facilitating websites (e.g. P2P torrent indexes) being blocked by courts orders (example<\/a>).<\/p>\n

The other big development of 2014 was of course Scotland’s historic referendum on independence from the United Kingdom, which threatened to carve up national telecoms and broadband networks in a way that could have created all sorts of unforeseen problems for ISPs and consumers alike (here<\/a>); as well as some potential benefits. But in the end more than half of Scotland ended up voting to stay as part of the UK, so we can move on.<\/p>\n

Closing Points<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Finally, one other significant but not as widely reported change in 2014 has been the subtle movement in phone line rental<\/strong>. In 2013 it was normal for ISPs to bundle free weekend and weekday evening calls with their broadband services, yet since then many of the big ISPs have slowly begun to remove free weekday evening calls and some have even adopted an entirely pay-as-you-go-approach.<\/p>\n

But many of the ISPs that have gone down this path continue to charge the same price for phone line rental as they did before (currently around \u00a316-\u00a317 per month), which is well above the base wholesale charge for such services that has tended to remain at around \u00a310 per month<\/strong> for the past few years (Openreach\u2019s WLR pricing<\/a> – excluding LLU).<\/p>\n

It’s believed one reason for this is that most ISPs continue to use line rental increases, which often jump at well above the annual level of inflation, as a means of masking the rising cost of catering for data gobbling broadband services (i.e. broadband prices have tended to hold fairly steady). Never the less it also makes some consumers, many of whom prefer to use a mobile phone for calls, feel increasingly frustrated at how such services are promoted.<\/p>\n

Speaking of phone services, BT will re-enter the consumer mobile market\u00a0in Q2 2015\u00a0to become a quad-play provider and in relation to that they’re also\u00a0working on a deal to buy EE<\/a> (here<\/a>), which could cause a lot of regulatory headaches.\u00a0Sky Broadband<\/a> might well follow, provided they can reach an agreement with one of the other mobile giants (most likely Vodafone<\/a>). Otherwise little is known about the BT plan, except that it will meld 4G and WiFi<\/a> connectivity to offer a potentially quite unique service.<\/p>\n

By contrast Vodafone<\/a> has recently confirmed that they’re going to re-enter the home broadband market during spring 2015 (here<\/a>), which is partly driven by BT’s mobile into the mobile sector. But Vodafone has tried this before with their defunct ‘Vodafone At Home’ service, which closed in 2011. Hopefully they don’t repeat the same mistakes.<\/p>\n

Lest we not forget the on-going “margin squeeze<\/em>” battle between TalkTalk<\/a>, Sky Broadband<\/a> and BT over FTTC pricing that is due to reach a climax sometime this month when Ofcom<\/a> reports the results. It’s likely that the regulator will push for a slight reduction in wholesale FTTC prices, although if they do then we suspect it won’t make a big difference and if it does then BT may attempt to tie Ofcom<\/a> up in legal knots. This whole debate\u00a0will also be complicated by BT’s moved to buy EE, which will change the equations a bit.<\/p>\n

Speaking of wholesale services, BT also wants to fold their BTWholesale division into the semi-separate BTOpenreach\u00a0(here<\/a>). Ofcom<\/a> are currently investigating the request, which would save BT money but worries their competitors\u00a0because some of the services are supposed to be kept separate in order to prevent BT from abusing their dominant market position.<\/p>\n

Otherwise 2015 is already shaping up to be an interesting year for broadband policy because of the 2015 General Election<\/strong>, which is due to be held on 7th May<\/strong>. We’ve already seen plenty of reports positioning for the country to adopt a focus on deploying Gigabit broadband speeds (here<\/a>, here<\/a> and here<\/a>) and this may foster some interesting manifestos, although so far we’ve yet to see any firm commitments.<\/p>\n

Admittedly the coalition Government\u2019s BDUK programme might have been criticised for setting the bar too low (24Mbps+ for all), but at least it was affordable during a period of strict austerity and the time-scale is viable. Crucially if a new Government comes in then the risk of the current approach being unable to complete its roll-out may rise (i.e. due to a policy adjustment), not least because those having to wait the longest are predominantly people in rural areas. More delays would not be welcome.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The past year has been all about technology and deployment, with the Government’s Broadband Delivery UK scheme dominating via its efforts to push BT’s 80Mbps capable Fibre-to-the-Cabinet (FTTC \/ VDSL2) service out to even more areas, but a lot more than that has happened. ISPreview.co.uk highlights some the key\u00a0Internet technology, policy and\u00a0anti-piracy\u00a0developments of 2014 and […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[61,406,474,473,419,52,423,55,65,56,417,86,46,109,38,477,475],"class_list":["post-7735","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-editorial_article","tag-4g","tag-5g","tag-bt","tag-censorship","tag-docsis3-1","tag-fibre-optic","tag-fttb","tag-fttc","tag-ftth","tag-fttp","tag-g-fast","tag-law","tag-internet-piracy","tag-internet-privacy","tag-politics","tag-science","tag-virgin-media"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"yoast_head":"\nThe Top Broadband ISP Technology and Internet Policy Changes for 2014-15 - ISPreview UK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The past year has been all about technology and deployment, with the Government's Broadband Delivery UK scheme dominating via its efforts to push BT's\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2015\/01\/quick-recap-major-uk-broadband-isp-technology-changes-2014.html\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2015\/01\/quick-recap-major-uk-broadband-isp-technology-changes-2014.html\/2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"The Top Broadband ISP Technology and Internet Policy Changes for 2014-15 - 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