{"id":9379,"date":"2015-06-03T07:39:57","date_gmt":"2015-06-03T06:39:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/?p=9379"},"modified":"2017-09-04T14:27:23","modified_gmt":"2017-09-04T13:27:23","slug":"interview-how-openreach-is-creating-a-new-fibre-infrastructure-for-wales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2015\/06\/interview-how-openreach-is-creating-a-new-fibre-infrastructure-for-wales.html","title":{"rendered":"Interview – How Openreach is Creating a New Fibre Infrastructure for Wales"},"content":{"rendered":"

In this guest editorial Nicholas Hardiman, an IT consultant who has worked with Internet and Enterprise technologies since the 1990s, interviews Openreach<\/a>’s (BT<\/a>) Senior Project Manager, Steve Jones, about the work being done to bring faster “fibre broadband<\/em>” connectivity to many thousands of new homes and businesses in Wales.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Like many people, my house is in one of those patches of the country where I can practically see my data crawling along the phone line. I’m an IT consultant located in a rural location on the Welsh border. Yes, it\u2019s my own fault for not living in a city.<\/p>\n

People like me, living in superslow broadband areas around the country, have all paid attention to government announcements about revolutionizing broadband for quite a few years now and yet we still live in the land of buffering.<\/p>\n

The solution for me is the Superfast Cymru<\/a> project – the Welsh government<\/a>\u2019s work to speed up the Internet for the whole of Wales, which is working with BT<\/a> to make “fibre broadband<\/em>” available to 96% of Wales by the end of 2016. Superfast Cymru began in 2013 and should finally reach my area sometime in the next year.<\/p>\n

But what lies beyond the newspaper stories of contracts won and millions spent? What is this project actually doing behind the scenes? I asked Steve Jones<\/strong>,\u00a0Senior Project Manager (SPM) at Openreach<\/a> who works out of the Newtown<\/strong> exchange, to describe what is happening and how all the pieces fit together.<\/p>\n

What follows is Steve’s brief account, in his own words, of\u00a0Openreach<\/a>’s deployment process.<\/p>\n

Openreach and Superfast Cymru<\/span> <\/strong><\/h3>\n

The Welsh government<\/a> own the contract to roll out Superfast Cymru in Wales. BT<\/a> Group won the contract to run Superfast Cymru. Wales is just one contract – in England they did them by county. Shropshire have a contract, Herefordshire and Gloucestershire, Wiltshire, and so on.<\/p>\n

We\u2019ve been running now a couple of years, with the Welsh government<\/a> contract. Our agreement with the government ends in summer 2016.<\/p>\n

Within BT Group, Openreach are the delivery arm. Openreach own the copper and fibre network and are responsible for the build. We split up the contract internally into mid, north and south Wales. I run mid and north, and a colleague runs south Wales. We report into a project director, who has Wales as an overall lead.<\/p>\n

Exchanges<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Openreach owns the network and is BT\u2019s engineering arm, so we make exchanges live by putting optical equipment in there. We call exchanges \u201cparent exchanges<\/em>\u201d or \u201chead ends<\/em>\u201d. We branch out from a parent to the children around it.<\/p>\n

We do the head end first. These are larger exchanges \u2013 physical buildings. As an example, the town of Presteigne is fed off the Kington exchange<\/a>. On Anglesey, the exchanges at Amlwch and Bangor feed all of the island.<\/p>\n

We\u2019ve done just under 300 exchanges in Wales, so far. We have got exchanges released in every one of those counties. In some places, like Anglesey, every exchange has been enabled. Every exchange there has had at least a cabinet or an FTTP<\/a> area made live.<\/p>\n

Cabinets<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

After an exchange goes live we put new DSLAM<\/strong><\/a>s (the green cabinets) in the area, which will feed the premises. We already have the old copper cabinets all round the exchange, providing copper lines to the houses for their telephony, broadband, etc. We put fibre from the head end into the new cabinet and we link the two cabs together.<\/p>\n

\"cabinet<\/div>\n

Ducts, subducts and fibre<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

We lay the fibre within ducts. They are about a drainpipe size. We try to use the existing drainpipe-sized duct where we can. Within that duct we lay a subduct, which is about the size of a hosepipe. The fibre cable has the diameter of a pen and the fibre is like a hair on your head. We lay the subduct first and put the fibre in afterwards.<\/p>\n

The major routes getting from exchange to exchange are called spine routes. A duct leaves an exchange and typically follows the road out in both directions down to the next towns or villages.<\/p>\n

We\u2019ve got 3000 kilometers of subduct laid. Every day, nationally, another kilometre or two of subduct goes in. The size of the subduct network is a little hard to confirm until you\u2019ve done it, but it could be another 2000 kilometers.<\/p>\n

Cable drums<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

When engineers leave the exchanges in their vans in the morning, you will see them towing what looks like a little trailer with a big wooden drum. On the drum will be either the subduct or the fibre. Some of the drums are nearly eight foot in diameter.<\/p>\n

We buy different size drums for each job. Say we are doing the Presteigne spine to Whitton – we know its 8 kilometres \u2013 we order 8 kilometres of fibre and 8 kilometres of subduct.<\/p>\n

Boxes<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

A box is the sunken chamber that gives engineers access to the ducts, not the familiar roadside cabinet. On average these are two hundred meters apart and cover the whole duct network. You see the lids on the road, on the verge and in the footway.<\/p>\n

A box can be difficult to find. Quite often the boxes are in the grass verges. People haven\u2019t been in some of these for forty or fifty years so grass and mud has grown over them. In Wrexham industrial estate we had to dig down nearly six foot to find the manhole. They re-generated the industrial estate and built up a big roundabout on top of it. The engineers call the big digger in and there it is at the bottom.<\/p>\n

\"box-difficult-to-find\"<\/div>\n

Rodding from box to box<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

A couple of Openreach engineers form a rodding gang. They lift the box lids and they try and push a rod from one box to another box. If the rod pops up at the other end, they pull a rope through, then pull the subduct through. They do this from box to box to box.<\/p>\n

We\u2019ve had stretches of thirty or forty kilometres. For example, Builth Wells feeds Pant-y-dwr. It goes through Llandrindod Wells, Newbridge, Rhayader and all the way to Pant-y-Dwr.<\/p>\n

Clearing a blocked duct<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

In some places the ducts are blocked. For example, it could be an old clay duct and over the years some tree roots have grown through it. Or maybe someone\u2019s built something on top, like a road sign \u2013 and they\u2019ve gone through the duct and crushed it. Or it\u2019s just filled up with silt.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

As the engineers are rodding from box to box, if they can\u2019t get through they first call the de-silting gang. They have a hose, which propels itself along the duct using pressurised water and tries to clear the silt. 50% of the time it gets through.<\/p>\n

If the duct is blocked by something that can\u2019t be moved with water, the engineers measure out with a wheel the distance from both ends. They send a report in and we get a service contractor to go out at a later date and excavate at that spot to see the damage.<\/p>\n

Normally the contractor sees the duct is damaged. They can clean out the dirt and rubble, and work with the rodding gang to make sure they can get a sub-duct through. They put a repair collar on and they reinstate. If you\u2019re driving along the road and you see a patch of tarmac two foot square, that\u2019s typically a repair job.<\/p>\n

Laying new duct<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

If the rodding gang have repeated blockages, that\u2019s where we lay a whole new piece of duct. We have options. Do we have to lay it in the road, which is time consuming and delays traffic? Or can we lay duct in a verge?<\/p>\n

We will look to using the verge instead of digging the road up. Nobody wants us to dig up the road. Digging in the grass is quicker than cutting tarmac. But sometimes the verge is full of other utilities or drainage. It\u2019s not always possible to take the best option.<\/p>\n

In some areas we are attempting to do mole-plough<\/strong><\/a>. A tractor pulls behind it a blade in the dirt. The blade ploughs the earth and behind it lays the duct. They reverse the tractor over it to smooth it all down again. Within a month you wouldn\u2019t know they\u2019ve been there.<\/p>\n

Blowing the fibre<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

The engineers connect up the lengths of sub-duct so it\u2019s airtight. After reach the point in the next village where they break out into a number of cabinets. They blow the fibre with pressurized air through the subduct. Because its all sealed, the air pushes the fibre through that sub-duct all the way to the end. If it\u2019s all tidy, with good joints and no leakage of air, they can blow a good couple of kilometres.<\/p>\n

Taking fibre up a pole or down a hole<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

On some of the routes fibre is up poles. It goes up the nearest telegraph pole, and spans the poles into the housing estate. Even some of the spine routes are overhead. 90% of the spine routes go underground \u2013 only about 10% go on the poles.<\/p>\n

We have to check the poles. Sometimes trees have grown over, or the poles are old and too short.<\/p>\n

\"telegraph<\/p>\n

Building the new cabinet<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Work is happening to get ducts there, fibre is blown in to the high street. Simultaneously, we are trying to get the new fibre cabinet up. It\u2019s got to be near the existing cabinet so the surveyor looks for a location. We want to avoid stuff like private land, triple SI areas [Sites of Special Scientific Interest] and areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty. They find the location, they send the paperwork into the councils, and make sure everyone is happy on the highways.<\/p>\n

If it\u2019s privately owned land, we approach the owner for a wayleave<\/a>. If its not privately owned, like a highways-owned street, we can proceed to put the cab up.<\/p>\n

The civil contractor builds up the base of the new DSLAM, with its duct entry points, and earthing solution. Later they drop the green cabinet on it. They lay track between the existing cabinet and the new cabinet, because you have to join the two together to extend the new fibre to the existing cabinet. One of the last activities is the power company providing the connection to the new DSLAM.<\/p>\n

Fibre-to-the-Cabinet architecture (hybrid fibre and copper)<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

After all the work from enabling the exchange to blowing the fibre is done, FTTC<\/a> is complete. By this point you\u2019ve gone from the exchange, through a couple of villages, to a street cabinet and onto another cabinet.<\/p>\n

FTTC<\/a> is one of three kinds of technical architecture \u2013 there are also FTTP<\/a> and FTTC<\/a>-exchange only.<\/p>\n

Fibre-to-the-Premises architecture (pure fibre optic)<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

If we do FTTP<\/a>, we do the same journey into the town, but we don\u2019t go to a cabinet. We use equipment sunk into a hole or up a pole. We have to go further than just to the cabinet, taking the network into a housing estate, and provide our own structures at different points to feed the different houses.<\/p>\n

FTTC-exchange only architecture<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

FTTC-exchange only is a flavour of FTTC. An exchange may have copper lines leaving it directly and feeding houses in the near vicinity. We have to re-route the copper lines, and groom them into a new a cabinet. Then we put a fibre DSLAM next to the copper cabinet and connect the two together. We are putting two structures up \u2013 the copper cabinet and the DSLAM.<\/p>\n

New remote node technology (FTTrN etc.)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

A remote node piggybacks off the DSLAM. You put a DSLAM in a village with nice green, a church, a pub and all those sort of things, and all the copper is nicely central. But then you\u2019ve got a hamlet of twenty houses a mile or two away. It will be too far away to pick up the speeds of the cabinet by the pub.<\/p>\n

We can put a remote node in that little hamlet. A remote node needs power and fibre. It is smaller than a cabinet – it can fit down a hole or up a pole.<\/p>\n

[ISPreview Editors Note: FTTrN is still only\u00a0a trial technology<\/a>]<\/p>\n

New all-in-one cabinet technology<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Rather than putting up a DSLAM and a copper cabinet, we can just put one cabinet up, and it\u2019s all built into the same shell. In my patch in mid and north Wales, the first one of these is going up in Hundred House at the moment.<\/p>\n

With all of these things \u2013 if its different, a new template needs to be knocked up for the base. The engineers who make it all work need training on how to put copper into it and where the fibre goes.<\/p>\n

Direct-labour employees, contractors and subcontractors<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Hundreds of people work on this project. I\u2019ve got a team of project managers working for myself, and so does my colleague working in south Wales. Under the project managers we\u2019ve got field coordinators. A project manager will handle a number of exchanges, and a field co-ord is his eyes and ears.<\/p>\n

We\u2019ve got a number of our own direct-labour employees. You see the Openreach vans driving around. Openreach guys don\u2019t do civil engineering activities \u2013 they don\u2019t dig any holes. Openreach do cabling work – blowing, jointing and slicing.<\/p>\n

Openreach engineers tend to work in my own patch. Our own mid-Wales guys work out of larger exchanges like Newtown. In North Wales they are in Bangor, Chester and Oswestry.<\/p>\n

We use a partner, Carillion telent<\/strong>. They subcontract out to local civil engineering firms across Wales, such as RPO Williams<\/strong> in Anglesey and HT Installations<\/strong> in Carmarthen. They are the ones who dig the holes, clear the blockages or lay some track, put the cabinets up and all that sort of work. Some of them also do cabling work.<\/p>\n

People will see lots of engineering. It\u2019s obvious when it\u2019s Openreach vans, especially if they are Superfast Cymru liveried. If it\u2019s a subcontractor doing the work, people will only know if they read the gate cards \u2013 the little laminated signs around the work.<\/p>\n

We go everywhere<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

Most people will only come into contact with the Superfast Cymru project by using a postcode checker<\/a>, their Facebook<\/a> page or their web site. When they pass by a van, who appreciates what they are doing? Away from the consumer side, the time, money and resources required behind the scenes to lay a fibre-optic network across the country.<\/p>\n

We go everywhere. Some people have telephones but not running water. If the water company hasn\u2019t got to them, they are not easy to get to. But we will aim to meet the contract, so we will get to the people who haven\u2019t got running water.<\/p>\n

I\u2019m proud to be part of what feels like the largest engineering project in Wales. I love this job. My grandkids wouldn\u2019t know what it\u2019s like to suffer with less than superfast broadband speed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

In this guest editorial Nicholas Hardiman, an IT consultant who has worked with Internet and Enterprise technologies since the 1990s, interviews Openreach’s (BT) Senior Project Manager, Steve Jones, about the work being done to bring faster “fibre broadband” connectivity to many thousands of new homes and businesses in Wales.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ngg_post_thumbnail":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[474,55,56,426,69,71],"class_list":["post-9379","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-guest_editorial_article","tag-bt","tag-fttc","tag-fttp","tag-fttrn","tag-bt-openreach","tag-wales"],"share_on_mastodon":{"url":"","error":""},"yoast_head":"\nInterview - How Openreach is Creating a New Fibre Infrastructure for Wales - ISPreview UK<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In this guest editorial Nicholas Hardiman, an IT consultant who has worked with Internet and Enterprise technologies since the 1990s, interviews\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2015\/06\/interview-how-openreach-is-creating-a-new-fibre-infrastructure-for-wales.html\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/www.ispreview.co.uk\/index.php\/2015\/06\/interview-how-openreach-is-creating-a-new-fibre-infrastructure-for-wales.html\/2\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Interview - 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